Classifying a Condition as a Phobia Versus Panic Disorder

Classifying a Condition as a Phobia Versus Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Related Conditions Print The Differences Between Phobia and Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 16, 2019 BSIP / UIG / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Many people confuse panic disorder and phobias, believing that these two conditions are the same. It is undeniable that panic disorder and phobias share similar symptoms, including intense fear, feelings of anxiety, and panic attacks. Both conditions can involve difficult symptoms that can tremendously impact one’s relationships, career, and other responsibilities and goals. Additionally, according to information found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5), both conditions are classified as “anxiety disorders.” But panic disorder and phobias are considered separate conditions, each with a distinct set of diagnostic criteria. What Is a Phobia? A phobia is defined as a  relentless fear of a certain object or situation. The fear associated with a phobia goes beyond just feelings of dislike or discomfort. A person with a phobia is severely afraid of the object or situation, far beyond any threat of danger it presents. For example, many people have an aversion to spiders, but a person who has a fear of spiders (arachnophobia), will go to great lengths to steer clear of spiders and may even behave in ways that others perceive as unreasonable if they encounter one. Phobia sufferers may recognize that their fear is excessive and irrational, but often feel unable to control their apprehension. Avoidance behaviors are common, as the phobic is determined to stay away from her specific fear. If forced to face the feared object or situation, the person will experience marked distress and anxiety. Common symptoms of phobias include accelerated heart rate, shaking, feelings of terror, and a tremendous need to get away from the object or situation. Put an End to Panic-Related Avoidance Categories of Phobias As outlined in the DSM, phobias fall into one of three main categories: Specific phobiasSocial phobias (social anxiety disorder)Agoraphobia Specific Phobias Specific phobias involve a fear of a particular object or situation. Common specific phobias include a fear of particular situations (e.g., heights, flying, elevators), medical circumstances (e.g., blood, needles, dentists), nature/environmental influences (e.g., water, tornadoes, earthquakes), or animals (e.g., snakes, dogs, bees). Social Phobias Social phobias entail an excessive fear of being embarrassed or negatively evaluated in a social situation. A person with a social phobia will avoid doing activities in public, such as speaking, in which they would at risk of being judged by others. Agoraphobia Agoraphobia  may similarly involve a fear of being embarrassed, however, the person is afraid of having a panic attack in a place or situation in which it would be embarrassing and/or difficult to flee from. The symptoms of agoraphobia typically lead to further limitations in ones life such as avoiding driving, crowds, or large open spaces. Panic Disorder and Specific Phobias Panic attacks and panic-like symptoms, such as trembling, shortness of breath, and excessive sweating, are typical symptoms of both panic disorder and phobias. However, these symptoms are triggered differently for each condition. People who have a phobia will experience panic and anxiety when thinking about or being exposed to their fear. Panic disorder sufferers, on the other hand, are not generally triggered by a specific fear. People with panic disorder experience panic attacks suddenly and unexpectedly. People with panic disorder often must cope with a fear of when their next panic attack will strike. It is also possible to have a co-occurring diagnosis of both a specific phobia and panic disorder. Panic Disorder Heart palpitations or accelerated heart rate Excessive sweating, trembling or shaking Shortness of breath or smothering sensations Sudden and unexpected recurring panic attacks Fear of when next attack will strike Phobias Dizziness, trembling, and increased heart rate Breathlessness A sense of unreality Extreme, irrational fear of situation, living creature, place, or object Panic when thinking about or being exposed to irrational fear Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Depression Treatment Options Both panic disorder and phobias are complex conditions that can only be diagnosed by a qualified mental health provider. If you suspect that you are suffering from either or both of these conditions, make an appointment to discuss your symptoms with your doctor. She will be able to assist you in receiving an accurate diagnosis, treatment, and referrals when necessary. The treatment options available for phobias are similar to those for panic disorder. Most people diagnosed with a phobia will choose a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and self-help techniques to help in managing their symptoms. Psychotherapy can assist in a variety of ways including developing coping strategies, although medications are more likely to be a component of lowering the intensity of fear and anxiety, and self-help techniques can be beneficial in managing everyday stress, medication options may help lower the intensity of fear and anxiety, and self-help techniques can be beneficial in managing everyday stress. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Managing An Effective Workforce Ie People Essay - 1512 Words

Introduction Whether you are employed as a manager in a bank or as a director in a Government institution or as a supervisor in a supermarket or grocery store, or as a manager in a coffee shop or as a director of the Human Resources department in a private company, the common aspect here is the ‘responsibility of managing an effective workforce ie people’. In any field, the four important resources are men, material, machinery and money. Out of these, I believe that ‘men’ ie humans are the most important because they are the ones that effectively and strategically employ and use the other resources/factors of production. Years ago, workers were treated as slaves and considered as commodities coupled with extremely bad and unhygienic working conditions, negligible or extremely poor wages, long hours of work- from dawn to dusk and so on. Today, people are considered to be an invaluable asset for any organization. Several factors joined hands to change this environment. Years ago, Human Resources (HR) was may be all about ‘production and getting the work done’, but now it is a major management function that explores several activities that are vital to effectively manage employees. Years ago, during the Factory Era or the Industrial Revolution period, the focus was on mass production and specialization. The Production Era then focused on the Scientific Management Movement that meant exclusively improving productivity and manufacturing methods. This was when the concept ofShow MoreRelatedMorgan-Moes Case Study745 Words   |  3 Pagesto be the most effective because it had the best turnover rate and recorded the highest net profit. Programme IV was found to be the next most effective even though turnover average was the lowest. 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Capital Budgeting for Trinity Hospital Case Study

Essays on Capital Budgeting for Trinity Hospital Case Study The paper "Capital Budgeting for Trinity Hospital" is a perfect example of a case study on finance and accounting. This particular SLP deals with the capital budgeting for Trinity Hospital’s project which is based upon the establishment of the new cancer research wing. This project is estimated to incur a cost of around $1 million and it will be completed in a period of years. It is assumed that the cost of capital would remain 15%. The new research wing is expected to generate around $250,000 in the second year and $500,000 in the next year. Revenues are projected to be increased by 25% each year after the second year. So as part of capital budgeting analysis of this new facility, NPV, IRR, MIRR, Discounted Payback Period and Profitability Index are calculated.On the basis of the above computations, the financial aspects of the company seem pretty sound. Overall, the company is in a very healthy financial position based on the financial highlights. There seems no uncertainty in the upcoming five years as per the prediction of cash flows. In the following paragraphs, item wise scrutiny is conducted to reflect the true financial forecast of the company with different financial projection techniques.NPVAs far as NPV of the project is concerned, a very handsome figure of around $0.8 million suggests that this project would be extremely viable for the company. Hence on this basis of NPV, the project can be selected by the company.IRRIRR of this project is also very attractive, generating a yield of around 42%, therefore on the basis of IRR, this project is highly profitable and should be opted by the company.MIRRSince no reinvestment rate was given in the scenario, therefore it is assumed that the company would be reinvesting every earned cash flow at the rate of 20%. As a result of assuming this rate, Modified IRR is calculated and yields around 33% return which is also very attractive.Discounted Payback PeriodSo far as Discounted Payback is concerned, this project would be covering all its initial investment near to the end of year 3 which is also very fruitful for the company as the company can enjoy the year 4 and 5 cash flows free.Profitability IndexProfitability Index is a derived technique of NPV. PI of greater than 1 also suggests that the project is viable. So for this project, PI is computed and the value arrived is 1.94 which suggests that the project is more than acceptable for the company.RecommendationOn the basis of the above commentary on the financial aspect of this project, it is advised to the company that they should select this project but must also consider the relevant qualitative factors that run beside the quantitative factors.

Insomnia and Dreaming Free Essays

For the occurrence of dreams, an uninterrupted period of sleep is needed. So if the quality of sleep declines, the dream recall frequency will decline as well. As experiments shown us, people of mood disorder and depression have a reduced dream recall frequency. We will write a custom essay sample on Insomnia and Dreaming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also people having Apnea and increased daytime sleepiness, CNS and PLM will have the same results which are a decline of sleep quality and a reduced dream recall frequency. Insomnia is the most frequent, it is considered as a symptom and it is a subjective dissatisfaction with sleep, also difficulty with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance. The stages may look like this, increased sleep latency, increased awakenings and arousals, decreased sleep efficiency, increased time of wake after sleep onset, decreased total sleep time, decreased rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and decreased deep sleep in stages 3 and 4. A study on 289 people have showed over a 6 year period in the life of the experiment, that there is a comparison between individuals reporting insomnia to those reporting no insomnia. Those reporting were 141 and those none reporting were 148 individual. The only difference was in the nightmare recall frequency that was found higher in the insomnia group. Also this finding took into consideration people taking medications and those who were not taking any sort of medication inside the reporting insomnia group. A decrease in dream recall was shown; a decline in dream recall is recorded with disordered sleep. Those with sleep latency more than 30 minutes reported a decline in dream recall. As for sleep effiency the groups with a higher percentage (85%) had more dream recall frequency than others. Individuals with a WASO (wake after sleep onset), of higher than 60 minutes had a lower dream recall than others. Also stages 3 and 4 showed a significant decline for the group reporting insomnia. As a result, people with 360 minutes of continuous sleep have an increased nightmare and dream recall. As a conclusion, dreaming requires a minimum quality of continuous sleep. People reporting insomnia has lower levels of dream and nightmare recalls. I can not say that I had a personal experience in insomnia. But surely I saw close people in my family having this problem. When I used to live in my grandparents house, I used to notice how my uncle would wake up in the middle of the night after slept for a maximum of an hour. He used to walk around the house for a while, than take out his collection games that he used to build and try to reshape them. He would do this for a couple of hours before returning to bed. I might say that I noticed how he would wake up in a bad mood. Also when he was asked to remember certain events and details it would take him a while. I think his changeable mood as a result of sleeping for a very limited number of hours may have affected his way of thinking. Also I noticed how he would sleep for several hours during the day to compensate the lost sleepless nights. As a direct effect, my uncle started taking bad decisions in his field of work and was finally advised to see a physician. These days after seeing the difference I realized that I was right in describing his insomnia at the time. Reference: Pagel, J. F. 1,3; Shocknesse, Shannon 2 (1)University of Colorado School of Medicine and Director, Sleep Disorders Center of Southern Colorado, Pueblo, Colorado (2)Rocky Mountain Sleep, Pueblo, Colorado Dreaming and Insomnia: Polysomnographic Correlates of Reported Dream Recall Frequency. [Article] Dreaming. 17(3):140-151, September 2007. How to cite Insomnia and Dreaming, Papers

Occupation Investigation On Becoming A Police Officer Essays

Occupation Investigation on becoming a Police Officer I respect police officers; I always have and always will. I have always looked up to and wanted to become part of the RCMP. The position of representing the law would bring out my pride to large extents that not even I could imagine. Police officers help to protect citizens and their property, maintain public peace, prevent and detect crime. They apprehend those who break the law, process court requirements, handle traffic problems, enforce regulations, and act as agents of social change within the community to promote safer neighborhoods. In their daily work, police officers perform many duties ranging from enforcing the law and apprehending criminals, to controlling traffic and arbitrating domestic disputes. Police work does not always involve a physical act of protection or the apprehension of a lawbreaker. It also involves activities such as crime prevention activities, helping victims of crime, working with community groups to identify and solve policing problems of mutual conce rn. To add to that police officers will participate in forensic investigations, administrative work (lots and lots of paper work), and court appearances. Police officers make a "well above average" salary. Just a starting salary for a diploma program graduate averages about $19,000 a year (in 1998). However, according to the 1996 census, most Albertans in the "Police officers (Except Commissioned)" occupational group earned from $50,000 to $60,000 a year. These figures include special rates of pay for statutory holidays, overtime and court appearances during off duty hours, and pay differential for evening and night duty. Many Police Officers may work a regular five-day, forty ? hour week or a compacted (four?day) work week with twelve-hour shifts. Since police protection is a necessity one hundred percent of the time, there are better shifts to work than there are others. Officers will work in and outdoors, in all kinds of weather, and may be required to stand or walk for hours at a time. They may even have to ride in their care for an entire shift. At times, they have to use force and may have to be required to lift twenty-five kilograms in an emergency situation. A police officer is usually under constant strain. Normally working in dangerous situations (normally life threatening). They deal with domestic and public disputes, arresting lawbreakers or pursuing speeding motorists. To fill such a position you need some good personal characteristics. It would include honesty, integrity, good judgement, patients, intelligence, good observation skills and basic good humor are essential in this occupation . A police officer also needs to be physically fit, emotionally stable and responsible, able to work with all kinds of people in a variety of situations, able to use their own initiative with minimum supervision, and should be very good at working as part of a team. Because that is exactly what the RCMP is all about. A team effort in trying to protect the people. The requirements involved in becoming part of the team can vary. If you compare what you need to become a police officer to anything else that requires an education it seems minimal. This surprised me when I first read up on it. The basic requirements include a high school diploma or a related post- secondary diploma (or have no stated minimum education requirement). Someone trying to become part of the RCMP would also need some good character references. In addition, they will need Canadian citizenship or lawful admittance to Canada for permanent residence. This person also requires good typing skills, valid driver's license, and a valid first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certificates. The minimum application age varies from 18 to 21 years depending on the particular police service. However, the average age of new recruits is generally 26 to 27 years of age. Related post-secondary education, the ability to speak a second language and knowledge of Alberta's multi-cultu ral and volunteer communities are definite assets. It would prove to be true after all this intense training and getting educated on the matter that being a cop is truly earned by an individual. It would have to be in somebody's heart to become part of the RCMP. The desire would have to be a number one priority because you have

Gertrude Stein Quotes

Gertrude Stein Quotes American expatriate writer, her Paris home was a salon for artists and writers between the two World Wars. She lived with her companion Alice B. Toklas from 1912 until her death. Selected Gertrude Stein Quotations It takes a lot of time to be a genius, you have to sit around so much doing nothing, really doing nothing. Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense. Paris was the place that suited us who were to create the twentieth century art and literature. A diary means yes indeed. When they are alone they want to be with others, and when they are with others they want to be alone. After all, human beings are like that. Artists do not experiment. Experiment is what scientists do; they initiate an operation of unknown factors to be instructed by its results. An artist puts down what he knows and at every moment it is what he knows at that moment. It is funny the two things most men are proudest of is the thing that any man can do and doing does in the same way, that is being drunk and being the father of their son. The Jews have produced only three originative geniuses: Christ, Spinoza, and myself. In the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. This is what makes America what it is. Americans are very friendly and very suspicious, that is what Americans are and that is what always upsets the foreigner, who deals with them, they are so friendly how can they be so suspicious they are so suspicious how can they be so friendly but they just are. Communists are people who fancied that they had an unhappy childhood. Let me listen to me and not to them. The minute you or anybody else knows what you are you are not it, you are what you or anybody else knows you are and as everything in living is made up of finding out what you are it is extraordinarily difficult really not to know what you are and yet to be that thing. We are always the same age inside. Any one doing something and standing is one doing something and standing. Some one was doing something and was standing. Any one doing something and standing is one doing something and standing. Any one doing something and standing is one who is standing and doing something. Some one was doing something and was standing. That one was doing something standing. I do want to get rich, but I never want to do what there is to get rich. Silent gratitude isnt very much use to anyone. The composition is the thing seen by everyone living in the living they are doing, they are the composing of the composition that at the time they are living is the composition of the time in which they are living. I like a view but I like to sit with my back turned to it. A vegetable garden in the beginning looks so promising and then after all little by little it grows nothing but vegetables, nothing, nothing but vegetables. Money is always there but the pockets change. The thing that differentiates man from animals is money. If you can do it then why do it? The nineteenth century believed in science but the twentieth century does not. It is the soothing thing about history that it does repeat itself. Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose. Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesBiographiesToday in Womens History About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Gertrude Stein Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/gertrude_stein.htm . Date accessed: (today). (More on how to cite online sources including this page)

The Best, Most Famous Plays by Harold Pinter

The Best, Most Famous Plays by Harold Pinter Born: October 10th, 1930 (London, England) Died: December 24th, 2008 â€Å"I’ve never been able to write a happy play, but I’ve been able to enjoy a happy life.† -Harold Pinter Comedy of Menace To say that Harold Pinter’s plays are unhappy is a gross understatement. Most critics have labeled his characters â€Å"sinister† and â€Å"malevolent.† The actions within his plays are bleak, dire, and purposely without purpose. The audience leaves bewildered with a queasy feeling – an uneasy sensation, as though you were supposed to do something terribly important, but you can’t remember what it was. You leave the theater a bit disturbed, a bit excited, and more than bit unbalanced. And that’s just the way Harold Pinter wanted you to feel. Critic Irving Wardle used the term, â€Å"Comedies of Menace† to describe Pinter’s dramatic work. The plays are fueled by intense dialogue that seems disconnected from any sort of exposition. The audience rarely knows the background of the characters. They don’t even know if the characters are telling the truth. The plays do offer a consistent theme: domination. Pinter described his dramatic literature as an analysis of â€Å"the powerful and the powerless.† Though his earlier plays were exercises in absurdity, his later dramas became overtly political. During the last decade of his life, he focused less on writing and more on political activism (of the left-wing variety). In 2005 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. During his Nobel lecture he stated: â€Å"You have to hand it to America. It has exercised a quite clinical manipulation of power worldwide while masquerading as a force for universal good.† Politics aside, his plays capture a nightmarish electricity that jolts the theater. Here is a brief look at the best of Harold Pinter’s plays: The Birthday Party (1957) A distraught and disheveled Stanley Webber may or may not be a piano player. It may or may not be his birthday. He may or may not know the two diabolically bureaucratic visitors that have come to intimidate him. There are many uncertainties throughout this surreal drama. However, one thing is definite: Stanley is an example of a powerless character struggling against powerful entities. (And you can probably guess who is going to win.) The Dumbwaiter (1957) It has been said that this one act play was the inspiration for the 2008 film In Bruges. After viewing both the Colin Farrell movie and the Pinter play, it is easy to see the connections. â€Å"The Dumbwaiter† reveals the sometimes boring, sometimes anxiety-ridden lives of two hit men – one is a seasoned professional, the other is newer, less sure of himself. As they wait to receive orders for their next deadly assignment, something rather odd happens. The dumbwaiter at the back of the room continually lowers down food orders. But the two hit men are in a grungy basement – there’s no food to prepare. The more the food orders persist, the more the assassins turn on each other. The Caretaker (1959) Unlike his earlier plays, The Caretaker was a financial victory, the first of many commercial successes. The full-length play takes place entirely in a shabby, one-room apartment owned by two brothers. One of the brothers is mentally disabled (apparently from electro-shock therapy). Perhaps because he isn’t very bright, or perhaps out of kindness, he brings a drifter into their home. A powerplay begins between the homeless man and the brothers. Each character talks vaguely about things they want to accomplish in their life – but not one of the characters lives up to his word. The Homecoming (1964) Imagine you and your wife travel from America to your hometown in England. You introduce her to your father and working class brothers. Sounds like a nice family reunion, right? Well, now imagine your testosterone-mad relatives suggest that your wife abandon her three children and stay on as a prostitute. And then she accepts the offer! That’s the kind of twisted mayhem that occurs throughout Pinter’s devious Homecoming. Old Times (1970) This play illustrates the flexibility and fallibility of memory. Deeley has been married to his wife Kate for over two decades. Yet, he apparently does not know everything about her. When Anna, Kate’s friend from her distant bohemian days, arrives they begin talking about the past. The details are vaguely sexual, but it seems that Anna recalls having a romantic relationship with Deeley’s wife. And so begins a verbal battle as each character narrates what they remember about yesteryear – though it’s uncertain whether those memories are a product of truth or imagination.